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In Greek mythology, Callisto or Kallisto (; (ギリシア語:Καλλιστώ) (:kallisˈtɔː)) was a nymph of Lycaon. Transformed into a bear and set among the stars, she was the bear-mother of the Arcadians, through her son Arcas. The fourth Galilean moon of Jupiter is named after Callisto. ==Origin of the myth== The name ''Kalliste'' (Καλλίστη), "most beautiful", may be recognized as an epithet of the goddess herself, though none of the inscriptions at Athens that record priests of ''Artemis Kalliste'' (Άρτεμις Καλλίστη), dates before the third century BCE.〔Daniel J. Geagan. "The Athenian Constitution After Sulla" (''Hesperia Supplements'' 12 1967:72, 95).〕 Artemis Kalliste was worshipped in Athens in a shrine which lay outside the Dipylon gate, by the side of the road to the Academy.〔''Klio: Beiträge zur alten Geschichte'' (Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin Institut für Griechisch-Römische Altertumskunde) 1907.〕 W. S. Ferguson suggested〔In ''Klio'' 7 (1907:213f).〕 that Artemis Soteira and Artemis Kalliste were joined in a common cult administered by a single priest. The bearlike character of Artemis herself was a feature of the Brauronia. The myth in ''Catasterismi'' may be derived from the fact that a set of constellations appear close together in the sky, in and near the Zodiac sign of Libra, namely Ursa Minor, Ursa Major, Boötes, and Virgo. The constellation Boötes, was explicitly identified in the Hesiodic ''Astronomia'' (Αστρονομία)〔Hesiod, ''Astronomia'', fragment 3, preserved as a quote in a commentary on Aratus.〕 as Arcas, the "Bear-warden" (''Arktophylax''; Αρκτοφύλαξ):〔Thus Hesiod is quoted, though Boötes, Βοώτης, from his very name, is a ''cow'' (βοως) herdsman.〕 ''He is Arkas the son of Kallisto and Zeus, and he lived in the country about Lykaion. After Zeus had seduced Kallisto, Lykaon, pretending not to know of the matter, entertained Zeus, as Hesiod says, and set before him on the table the babe () which he had cut up.''〔The episode is a doublet of the serving up of Pelops.〕 Aeschylus' tragedy ''Callisto'' is lost. According to Julien d'Huy who used phylogenetical and statistical tools, the story could be a recent transformation of a Palaeolithical myth〔d'Huy Julien, Un ours dans les étoiles: recherche phylogénétique sur un mythe préhistorique. Préhistoire du sud-ouest, 20 (1), 2012: 91-106 (); A Cosmic Hunt in the Berber sky : a phylogenetic reconstruction of Palaeolithic mythology. Les Cahiers de l'AARS, 15, 2013: 93-106 ().〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Callisto (mythology)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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